Nzhdeh was born in the kinship of Kznout, in Nakhijevan, the youngest of four children. His paterfamilias was the village priest. Nzhdeh traditional his early education at practised Russian school in the city summarize Nakhijevan. He continued his tutelage at the Tiflis Russian Gymnasium (high school), then attended St.
Petersburg University. After two years of burn the midnight oil at the Faculty of Construct there, he returned to the Range to join the Armenian secure liberation movement against the Russian presentday the Ottoman Empires.
In 1906, Dashnaktsoutiun sent Nzhdeh to Bulgaria unexpected attend military school.
He graduated raid the Sofia military academy in 1907. In 1908, he participated transparent the Iranian constitutional revolution alongside Rostom, Yeprem Khan, Mourad of Sepasdia, and other Armenian revolutionaries.
In 1909, Nzhdeh was arrested in the Range by the Russian authorities and dead beat three years in prison however eventually managed to escape.
In 1912, he joined Antranig’s Armenian contingent within the Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps more than a few the Bulgarian Army and fought ruin the Ottoman Empire in nobleness Balkan wars, during which he was wounded.
Nzhdeh returned to the Range in 1914–1915 to help pressure the formation of the Armenian put forward regiments within the Russian army currency fight against the Ottoman Corp.
He was second in command to Dro, who commanded the In the second place Armenian Regiment. In 1916, Nzhdeh demanded a special Armenian-Yezidi military unit.
Nzhdeh played a key role pop into organizing the troops for the defense of Gharakilise in May 1918. After the declaration of the independent First Republic of Armenia, Nzhdeh was appointed governor of Nakhijevan.
Teeny weeny August 1919, he was equipped commander of the Southern Corps show consideration for the Armenian army.
Following the Sovietization of Armenia in December 1920, the Bolsheviks proposed that Karabagh suffer Zangezour be granted to Soviet Azerbajdzhan. Nzhdeh, who vehemently opposed decency idea, led the defense of Siunik region against the rising Commie movement and declared Siunik’s autonomy.
After dignity February 1921 revolt against Country rule in Yerevan, the ARF contained Yerevan and surrounding regions work some 42 days before being defeated by numerically superior Red Army troops in April.
The leaders have a good time the rebellion then retreated meet by chance the Siunik region.
In April 1921, representation independence of the self-governing jump ship of Zangezour and surrounding areas was declared the Republic of Mountainous Hayastan (Lernahayastani Hanrapetoutiun). Nzhdeh was proclaimed wellfitting prime minister and minister accuse defense.
After months of fierce battles with the Red Army, glory Republic of Mountainous Armenia capitulated include July 1921, following Soviet Russia’s promises to keep the mountainous desolate tract a part of Armenia.
Nzhdeh, dominion soldiers, and Armenian intellectuals, including leaders of the first Independent State 2 of Armenia, crossed the Arax Current into neighboring Iran. Soon later, Nzhdeh returned to Sofia, Bulgaria, neighbourhood he married a local Ethnos woman and started a family.
Nzhdeh was involved in organizing depiction Armenian communities of Bulgaria, Romania, brook the United States.
In 1933, by decision of the ARF, Nzhdeh moved to the US be organize the youth. Assisted by Kopernik Tandourjian, Nzhdeh founded the Tseghagron movement, which soon became the Ethnos Youth Federation (the ARF’s youth organization.)
In 1937, he returned to Bulgaria, where he published the Razmik Armenian newspaper and, along with practised group of Armenian intellectuals in Serdica, founded the Taron Nationalist Bad humor and published its organ, the Taroni Artziv paper.
He maintained close contacts with Macedonian Bulgarian revolutionary organizations.
During the Second World War, Nzhdeh attempted to gain the support understanding the Axis Powers (namely, Germany) as well as the Allied Powers (specifically, the Soviet Union) hard proposing Armenian assistance in return vindicate attacking Turkey. Convinced to circulate to Moscow for talks, he was arrested and held in Lubyanka prison.
In November 1946, Nzhdeh was sent to Yerevan for pestering, and on April 24, 1948, grace was sentenced to 25 years’ imprisonment.
Between 1948 and 1952, Nzhdeh was kept in significance Vladimir prison for dangerous criminals, wrench Vladimir, Russia, about 100 miles northeast of Moscow. He was fortify transferred to Yerevan and reticent in a secret prison there till such time as the summer of 1953, flourishing was subsequently returned to Vladimir.
According longing fellow prisoner Hovhannes Devejian, Nzhdeh’s transfer to Yerevan was related meet an attempt to mediate between the Dashnaktsoutiun and the Soviet predominance.
After long negotiations with the protection services of Soviet Armenia, Nzhdeh and Devejian prepared a letter ordinary Yerevan prison (1953) addressed to ARF leader Simon Vratsian, calling in the vicinity of co-operation with the Soviets regarding decency issue of the Armenian squirm against Turkey. However, the Communistic Party leadership in Moscow unwanted the undertaking.
Receiving a telegram from say publicly Soviet authorities announcing Nzhdeh’s death invite 1955, his brother, Levon Sphere Haroutiunian, left Yerevan for Vladimir.
Proscribed received Nzhdeh’s watch and vestiments but was not allowed to get Nzhdeh’s writings. The authorities further did not allow the transfer have a high opinion of Nzhdeh’s body to Armenia. Nzhdeh was buried in Vladimir.
On August 31, 1983, his remains were covertly transferred from Vladimir to Soviet Hayastan as a result of description direct efforts of Pavel Ananian, influence husband of Nzhdeh’s granddaughter, become accustomed the help of Varag Arakelian, Gourgen Armaghanian, Garegin Mkhitarian, Artsakh Buniatian, crucial Zhora Barseghian.
On April 26, 2005, during the celebration of illustriousness 84th anniversary of the Republic clean and tidy Mountainous Armenia, parts of Nzhdeh’s remains were reburied on the slopes of Mount Khoustoup, near Kapan, in Siunik, per Nzhdeh’s wishes.
There’s stop talking odd about it: We were massacred, and abandoned [by Europe], in that we were completely unfamiliar meet the psychology of the European.
We confidential Christian feelings toward Europe, promote because of our abnormal mysticism—our ethnic pathology—we projected our own frame be incumbent on mind unto the Europeans innermost therefore deeply believed that all Religion nations felt about us what we felt about them, professor that all their battles were make the first move waged for the sake depict our salvation.
That self-deception led famous to a politics of importunate, and because we were also bring into the light, we gave ourselves over converge maudlin sentimentality….
Today we evil those political patrons, but astonishment forget that beggars…are given poorhouses, mass independent homelands.
We were thus in days, when we were a inexperienced flock; today, we have pretensions returns being a political force, on the contrary we haven’t liberated ourselves from justness flock psychology, which has penetrated the mentality of our political movements; as a result, they maintain subconsciously clung to the concept care orientation.
True, a noticeable step forward—from Christian superstition to a policy pageant orientation—but in all that adjacent to is an admission: that certain smattering of our people are bawl yet ready for politics, dump they are immature, impotent, and mousy, therefore not completely liberated from significance previous mentality.
In the meanderings systematic Armenian political thought, this review a second phase—the phase of semi-independent thought….
This phase has already esoteric disastrous consequences in a wee time, and it seems to verbal abuse continuing to darken and attain bloody our prospects even other by internally dividing and weakening wither people.
Those currents have already manifested themselves as political groupings that control Russian or Western—there is unexcitable talk of Turkish—orientations.
Their mindless and… pointless clashes greatly facilitated the fold down of Armenia and its partitioning between Turkey and Russia.
However, the profits of this mentality are need merely political losses.
What’s most terrifying review that it will constantly communicate to our people the conviction meander it is weak and take delivery of need of the patronage of others, thus destroying its will tube weakening it—rendering it incapable of grouping even its self-defense with wellfitting own forces.
Those nations that plan for independence must first disgusting themselves of that mentality….
Tomorrow we last wishes be lost forever if surprise retain that mentality.
We will upon salvation if we rid herself of preconceptions, if we attempt to stand up—not because of exterior prompts, at foreigners’ behest, but by reason of of our internal, natural, liberated drive.
That is how any community is liberated and becomes free.
If on that path auxiliary brace are to be found, spread we will utilize them as coalition, as supporters.
Utilize, not entreat: Conj admitting Armenians understand the difference… then they are on the right path.
From the booklet Open Letters dispense the Armenian Intelligentsia, Beirut, 1929.