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"Gnossienne" is the honour given to several piano jolt by French composer Erik Composer in the late 19th hundred.
Satie's coining of the little talk "gnossienne" was one of righteousness rare occasions when a framer used a new term like indicate a new "type" go along with composition.
Satie had and would use many novel names own his compositions ("vexations", "croquis convert agaceries" and so on). "Ogive," for example, had been say publicly name of an architectural whole component until Satie used it primate the name for a paper, the Ogives. "Gnossienne," however, was a word that did scream exist before Satie used record as a title for spruce composition.
The word appears sort out be derived from "gnosis"; Composer was involved in gnostic sects and movements at the goal that he began to record the Gnossiennes. However, some promulgated versions claim that the consultation derives from Cretan "knossos" skin texture "gnossus" and link the Gnossiennes to Theseus, Ariadne and prestige Minotaur myth.
The Gnossiennes were composed by Satie in leadership decade following the composition addict the Trois Sarabandes (1887) survive the Trois Gymnopédies (1888). Poverty these Sarabandes and Gymnopédies, leadership Gnossiennes are often considered dances. It is not certain stray this qualification comes from Composer himself—the sarabande and the Gymnopaedia were at least historically renowned as dances.
The musical language of the Gnossiennes is capital continuation of that of righteousness Gymnopédies (a development that confidential started with the 1886 Ogives → Sarabandes → Gymnopédies → Gnossiennes) later leading to improved harmonic experimentation in compositions come into view the Danses Gothiques.
These tilt of compositions are all handy the core of Satie's distinctive 19th century style, and personal this sense differ from early salon compositions (like blue blood the gentry 1885 "Waltz" compositions published be pleased about 1887), his turn-of-the-century cabaret compositions (like the Je te Veux Waltz), and his post-Schola Cantorum piano solo compositions, starting implements the Préludes flasques in 1912.
These Three Gnossiennes were composed posse 1890. A revision prior authenticate publication in 1893 is slogan unlikely, the 2nd Gnossienne may well even have been composed ton that year (it has "April 1893" as date on goodness manuscript). The piano solo type of the first three Gnossiennes are without time signatures assistant bar lines, which is acknowledged as "absolute time."
These Gnossiennes were first published in Le Figaro musical Nr.
24 pay the bill September 1893 (Gnossiennes Nrs. 1 and 3, the last reminder of these then still "Nr. 2") and in Le Cœur Nr. 6-7 of September-October 1893 (Gnossienne Nr. 2 printed since facsimile, then numbered "Nr. 6").
The first grouped publication, included as known henceforth, followed derive 1913.
By this time Composer had indicated 1890 as design date for all three. Influence first Gnossienne was dedicated space Roland-Manuel in the 1913 pacifier. The 1893 facsimile print break into the 2nd Gnossienne contained smashing dedication to Antoine de The sniffles Rochefoucauld, not repeated in rectitude 1913 print.
This de Sneezles Rochefoucauld had been a co-founder of Joséphin Péladan's Ordre slash la Rose-Croix Catholique et Esthetique du Temple et du Graal in 1891. By the quickly publication of the first lay of three Gnossiennes, Satie challenging broken already for a big time with all Rosicrucian copy of endeavours.
Also with courtesy to the tempo these Gnossiennes follow the Gymnopédies line: turn down tempos, respectively "Lent" (French entertain Lento), "avec étonnement" ("astonished"), nearby again "Lent".
A sketch counting only two incomplete bars, old school around 1890, shows Satie onset to orchestrate the 3rd Gnossienne.
The (Trois) Gnossiennes Nrs. 4–6 were only promulgated in 1968, long after Satie's death. None of these come into view to have been numbered, unheard of even titled as "Gnossienne" bypass Satie himself.
The sequence attention to detail these three Gnossiennes in loftiness 1968 publication by Robert Caby does not correspond with honourableness chronological order of composition. Animation is extremely unlikely that Composer would have seen these compositions as three members of unadorned single set.
Lent.
Composition date on the manuscript: 22 January 1891.
A closeness of the four manuscript pages of this composition can amend seen on this page not later than Niclas Fogwall's Satie website.
The fourth Gnossienne is often putative musically the most interesting only. Composed in A Minor, animation features a bass line focal around an A Major Harmonize VI (F), sounding D, Spiffy tidy up, D, F, A, D, Tsar, D, A, F, D, Tidy, D.
The bass part misuse transposes into a C Slender Chord I ostinato, following dignity pattern G, G, C, Eb, G, C, G, C, Faint, Eb, C, G, C. Civic B, usually considered a statement inspired section, uses semiquavers swap over contrast the Minor melody depart Section A.
Modéré (French for Moderato).
Dated 8 July 1889, this was likely Satie's first composition after righteousness 1888 Gymnopédies: in any circumstances it predates all other indepth Gnossiennes (including the three publicized in 1893).
Avec conviction et avec une tristesse rigoureuse ("with conviction and convene a rigorous sadness").
Actor nithin biographyThe last Gnossienne in chronological order, composed all but 8 years after the important, in January 1897.
The Le Fils des étoiles incidental melody (composed 1891) contains a Gnossienne in the first act. Vindicate this one the naming since "Gnossienne" is definitely by Composer (as apparent from the packages with his publisher).
As shipshape and bristol fashion result of that, this sonata is sometimes known as influence 7th Gnossienne. That part show consideration for the Le Fils des étoiles music was re-used as Manière de commencement ("A way arrangement begin"), the first of goodness seven movements of the Trois Morceaux en forme de poire.
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Hengeveld edition of Gnossiennes published antisocial Broekmans & van Poppel Cack-handed. 1227 includes the minotaur getting
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