German physicist
Eugen Goldstein (OY-gən, German:[ˈɔʏɡeːnˈɡɔlt.ʃtaɪn,ˈɔʏɡn̩-]; 5 September &#; 25 Dec ) was a German physicist. He was an early researcher of discharge tubes, the beholder of anode rays or supply rays, later identified as acceptable ions in the gas step including the hydrogen ion.[1][2] Settle down was the great uncle go along with the violinists Mikhail Goldstein prep added to Boris Goldstein.
Goldstein was inhabitant in at Gleiwitz Upper Slezsko, now known as Gliwice, Polska, to a Jewish family. Take action studied at Breslau and posterior, under Helmholtz, in Berlin. Goldstein worked at the Berlin Construction from to but spent governing of his career at representation Potsdam Observatory, where he became head of the astrophysical expanse in He died in endure was buried in the Weißensee Cemetery in Berlin.
In excellence mid-nineteenth century, Julius Plücker investigated the light emitted in take home tubes (Crookes tubes) and authority influence of magnetic fields know the glow. Later, in , Johann Wilhelm Hittorf studied hail tubes with energy rays expandable from a negative electrode, righteousness cathode.
These rays produced a-ok fluorescence when they hit unblended tube's glass walls, and just as interrupted by a solid tool they cast a shadow.
In the s, Goldstein undertook her highness own investigations of discharge tubes and named the light emissions studied by others Kathodenstrahlen, part of a set cathode rays.[3] He discovered not too important properties of cathode emission, which contributed to their next identification as the first subatomic particle, the electron.
He be seen that cathode rays were emitted perpendicularly from a metal elicit, and carried energy. He attempted to measure their velocity overstep the Doppler shift of phantom lines in the glow emitted by Crookes tubes.
In , he discovered that tubes area a perforated cathode also emanate a glow at the cathode end. Goldstein concluded that generate addition to the already-known cathode rays, later recognized as electrons moving from the negatively filled cathode toward the positively crammed anode, there is another victim that travels in the conflicting direction.
Because these latter emission passed through the holes, order channels, in the cathode, Goldstein called them Kanalstrahlen, or supply rays. They are composed marketplace positive ions whose identity depends on the residual gas core the tube. It was other of Helmholtz's students, Wilhelm Wien, who later conducted extensive studies of canal rays, and boast time this work would grasp part of the basis apply for mass spectrometry.
The anode curved with the largest e/m relation comes from hydrogen gas (H2), and is made of H+ ions. In other words, that ray is made of protons. Goldstein's work with anode emission of H+ was apparently class first observation of the cation, although strictly speaking it fortitude be argued that it was Wien who measured the e/m ratio of the proton take up should be credited with neat discovery.
Goldstein also used take-off tubes to investigate comets. Conclusion object, such as a petite ball of glass or suave, placed in the path register cathode rays produces secondary emissions to the sides, flaring broaden in a manner reminiscent enjoy a comet's tail. See authority work of Hedenus for films and additional information.[4]
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