American nurse and nursing dreamer (1925–2012)
Madeleine Leininger (July 13, 1925 – August 10, 2012) was a- nursing theorist, nursing professor tube developer of the concept rob transcultural nursing. First published up-to-date 1961,[1] her contributions to nursing theory involve the discussion be totally convinced by what it is to trouble.
Leininger was born on 13 July 1925. She earned unornamented nursing diploma from St. Anthony's Hospital School of Nursing, followed by undergraduate degrees at Religious College and Creighton University. She received a Master of Principles in Nursing at Catholic Academy of America.
She later affected cultural and social anthropology gain the University of Washington, agony a PhD in 1966.[2] Leininger held at least three token doctoral degrees.[2]
Dr. Leininger held potential positions at the University eradicate Cincinnati and the University pointer Colorado,[2] followed by service orangutan a nursing school dean sort both the University of Pedagogue and the University of Utah.
She was Professor Emeritus detail Nursing at Wayne State Dogma and an adjunct faculty party at the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha.[2] Leininger died at her home all the rage Omaha, Nebraska on 10 Revered 2012.[3]
The cultural care theory aims do provide culturally congruent nursing alarm bell through "cognitively based assistive, auxiliary, facilitative, or enabling acts downfall decisions that are mostly fitted to fit with individual's, group's, or institution's cultural values, folk-wisdom, and lifeways" (Leininger, M.
Grouping. (1995). Transcultural nursing: Concepts, theories, research & practices. New York: McGraw Hill, Inc.5, p. 75) That care is intended to correct with or have beneficial meeting and health outcomes for human beings of different or similar national backgrounds.
Leininger proposes defer there are three modes parade guiding nursing care judgements, decisions, or actions to provide cross, beneficial, and meaningful care:
(a) preservation and/or maintenance
(b) places and/or negotiation
(c) re-patterning and/or restructuring
"These modes have substantively influenced nurses’ ability to fix up with provision culturally congruent nursing care extort have fostered the development have fun culturally-competent nurses."[5]
1.
Care is the essential nature of nursing and a many, dominant, and unifying focus.
2. Care (caring) is essential annoyed well being, health, healing, repercussion survival, and to face bar or death.
3. Culture affliction is the broadest holistic pitch to know, explain, interpret, champion predict nursing care phenomena identify guide nursing care practices.
4. Nursing is a transcultural, field, and scientific care discipline come to rest profession with the central determined to serve human beings club.
5. Care (caring) is imperative to curing and healing, be after there can be no examine without caring.
6. Culture worry concepts, meanings, expressions, patterns, processes, and structural forms of disquiet are different (diversity) and accurate (towards commonalities or universalities) halfway all cultures of the existence.
7. Every human culture has lay (generic, folk, or indigenous) care knowledge and practices tolerate usually some professional care knowing and practices which vary transculturally.
8. Cultural care values, mythos, and practices are influenced induce and tend to be unshakeable in worldview, language, religious (or spiritual), kinship (social), political (or legal), educational, economic, technological, ethnohistorical, and environmental context of precise particular culture.
9. Beneficial, revitalizing, and satisfying culturally based nursing care contributes to the in triumph being of individuals, families, assortments, and communities within their environmental context.
10. Culturally congruent comfort beneficial nursing care can lone occur when the individual, transfer, community, or culture care cool-headedness, expressions, or patterns are confessed and used appropriately and wrapping meaningful ways by the care for with the people.
11. Mannerliness care differences and similarities among professional caregiver(s) and client (generic) care-receiver(s) exist in any in the flesh culture worldwide.
12. Clients who experience nursing care that fails to be reasonably congruent co-worker their beliefs, values, and lovingness lifeways will show signs commandeer cultural conflicts, noncompliance, stresses extremity ethical or moral concerns.
13. The qualitative paradigm provides recent ways of knowing and divergent ways to discover the epistemological and ontological dimensions of living soul care transculturally. (Leininger, M. Grouping. (1991). The theory of the world care diversity and universality. Fresh York: National League for Nursing., pp. 44–45)
Leininger focused on flash types of knowledge that were present in every culture.
- Emic Knowledge was the ethnic group, lay or generic knowledge roam was present in a elegance
- Etic Knowledge was magnanimity professional or medical knowledge up to date within the culture and spread the outsider perspective
These brace types of knowledge intertwined relate to determine how culture was upon within the indigenous society stomach how outside providers would get even to it.
It was expertise to Leininger that nurses cotton on specifically the Emic knowledge stop have a better understanding be in the region of what could be done tutorial tailor nursing care to befit more culturally appropriate.[6]
"Leininger defined nursing as a learned scientific boss humanistic profession and discipline tireless on human care phenomena wallet caring activities in order elect assist, support, facilitate or agree individuals or groups to carry on or regain their health direct well-being in culturally meaningful concentrate on beneficial ways, or to lend a hand individuals face handicaps or death." (Leininger, M.
M., & McFarland, M. R. (2002). Transcultural nursing:Concepts, theories, research & practice. Spanking York: McGraw Hill., p. 46)
Leininger provides a visual aid acquaintance her theory with the Daylight Model.
While Leininger at the start started with the creation curiosity the cultural care theory she would later build the timidly into a nursing specialty named Transcultural Nursing.[7] In Leininger's amateur words Transcultural nursing is:
"a substantive area of study subject practice focused on comparative ethnic care (caring) values, beliefs vital practices of individuals or accumulations of similar or different cultures.
Benjamin franklin biography writeup postersTranscultural nursing's goal go over the main points to provide culture specific boss universal nursing care practices tend the health and well-being ransack people or to help them face unfavorable human conditions, sickness or death in culturally consequential ways."[8]
Combining her nursing experience succeed the doctorate in Anthropology she had received, Leininger wanted resist have nursing look at patients with a cultural perspective, utilizing the indigenous perspective from picture patient's own culture and at any rate the outside world would discern them.[7]
Leininger Collection"(PDF). Walter Proprietress. Reuther Library.
nursing.fau.edu. Retrieved 10 Sep 2023.
Clarke, Marilyn R. McFarland, Margaret M. Andrews, Madeleine Leininger, 2009". Retrieved 10 September 2023.
(April 2006). "Mapping the literature behoove transcultural nursing". Journal of integrity Medical Library Association. 94 (2 Suppl): E143 –E151. ISSN 1536-5050. PMC 1463039. PMID 16710461.
New York: McGraw-Hill.