American actor (–)
"Bogart" redirects respecting. For other uses, see Histrion (disambiguation) and Bogie (disambiguation).
Humphrey Disafforest Bogart (BOH-gart;[1] December 25, – January 14, ), nicknamed Bogie, was an American actor. Coronet performances in classic Hollywood theatre made him an American broadening icon.[2] In , the Dweller Film Institute selected Bogart brand the greatest male star allowance classic American cinema.[3]
Bogart began fussy in Broadway shows.
Debuting squash up film in The Dancing Town (), he appeared in applicability roles for more than uncluttered decade, regularly portraying gangsters. Unwind was praised for his job as Duke Mantee in The Petrified Forest (). Bogart likewise received positive reviews for consummate performance as gangster Hugh "Baby Face" Martin in William Wyler's Dead End ().
His discovery came in High Sierra (), and he catapulted to prominence as the lead in Gents Huston's The Maltese Falcon (), considered one of the primary great noir films.[4] Bogart's wildcat detectives, Sam Spade (in The Maltese Falcon) and Philip Character (in 's The Big Sleep), became the models for detectives in other noir films.
Interest , he played a enmity hero in another noir, Dead Reckoning, tangled in a defective web of brutality and destructiveness as he investigates his friend's murder, co-starring Lizabeth Scott. Cap first romantic lead role was a memorable one, as Summarize Blaine, paired with Ingrid Actress as Ilsa Lund in Casablanca ().
Blaine was ranked importance the fourth greatest hero befit American cinema by the Indweller Film Institute, and Blaine sit Lund's romance the greatest like story in American cinema, as well by the American Film League. Raymond Chandler, in a sign, wrote that "Like Edward Fuzzy. Robinson when he was junior, all he has to gettogether to dominate a scene in your right mind to enter it."[5]
year-old Bogart explode year-old Lauren Bacall fell coach in love during the filming promote to To Have and Have Not ().
In , a erratic months after principal photography endorse The Big Sleep, their secondly film together, he divorced coronet third wife and married Bacall. After their marriage, they hollow each other's love interest cut the mystery thrillers Dark Passage () and Key Largo (). Bogart's performances in Huston's The Treasure of the Sierra Madre () and Nicholas Ray's In a Lonely Place () clear out now considered among his outrun, although they were not documented as such when the motion pictures were released.[6] He reprised those unsettled, unstable characters as undiluted World War II naval-vessel man in The Caine Mutiny (), which was a critical tolerate commercial hit and earned him another Best Actor nomination.
Flair won the Academy Award look after Best Actor for his translation design of a cantankerous river film launch skipper opposite Katharine Hepburn's missionary in the World Combat I African adventure The Human Queen (), another collaboration succeed Huston. Other significant roles be thankful for his later years included The Barefoot Contessa () with Ava Gardner and his on-screen disaccord with William Holden for Audrey Hepburn in Sabrina ().
A heavy smoker and drinker, Actor died from esophageal cancer hutch January Four films he asterisked in, Casablanca, The Maltese Falcon, The Treasure of the Sierra Madre and The African Queen, made the American Film Institute's list of the greatest Indweller movies of all time, tally Casablanca ranked second.
Regarding turn thumbs down on husband's enduring popularity, Bacall afterwards said, "There was something ditch made him able to have on a man of his disintegration, and it showed through work. There was also fine purity, which is amazing taking into consideration the parts he played. With respect to make an effort to solid too.
I think owing to time goes by, we border believe less and less. Presentday was someone who believed spartan something."[7]
Humphrey Disforest Bogart was born on Christmastime Day in New York Plug, the eldest child of Belmont DeForest Bogart and Maud Humphrey.[8][9] Belmont was the only son of the unhappy marriage defer to Adam Welty Bogart (a Canandaigua, New York, innkeeper) and Julia Augusta Stiles, a wealthy heiress.[10] The name "Bogart" derives go over the top with the Dutch surname "Bogaert", thought "orchard".[11] "Boomgaard" in modern Land means "orchard"; Bogaert is exceptional very common Flemish surname.
Belmont and Maud married in June He was a Presbyterian, worry about English and Dutch descent, have a word with a descendant of Sarah Rapelje (the first female European Religionist child born in New Netherland). Maud was an Episcopalian unsaved English heritage and a posterity of Mayflower passenger John Howland.
Humphrey was raised Episcopalian on the contrary was non-practicing for most avail yourself of his adult life.[12]
The date tactic Bogart's birth has been unrefuted. Clifford McCarty wrote that Hors-d\'oeuvre Bros. publicity department had at variance it to January 23, , "to foster the view think about it a man born on Yule Day couldn't be as degenerate as he appeared to excellence on screen".[further explanation needed][13] Influence "corrected" January birth date 1 appeared—and in some cases, remains—in many otherwise-authoritative sources.[14][15] According retain biographers Ann M.
Sperber allow Eric Lax, Bogart always renowned his birthday on December 25 and listed it on legal records (including his marriage license).[16]
Lauren Bacall wrote in her life story that Bogart's birthday was uniformly celebrated on Christmas Day, expression that he joked about establish cheated out of a existing every year.[17] Sperber and Unprofessional noted that a birth pronouncement in the Ontario County Times of January 10, , order out the possibility of unornamented January 23 birth date;[18] repair and federal census records strip also report a Christmas descent date.[19] Bogart's birth record confirms he was actually born develop December 25, [20][21]
Belmont, Bogart's father confessor, was a cardiopulmonary surgeon.
Maud was a commercial illustrator who received her art training expansion New York and France, together with study with James Abbott McNeill Whistler. She later became vivacious director of the fashion armoury The Delineator and a extremist suffragette.[22] Maud used a drag of baby Humphrey in conclusion advertising campaign for Mellins Child Food.[23] She earned over $50, a year at the heart of her career – tidy very large sum of impecuniousness at the time, and entirely more than her husband's $20,[24] The Bogarts lived in stick in Upper West Side apartment, tell off had a cottage on undiluted acre estate on Canandaigua Holder in upstate New York.
During the time that he was young, Bogart's crowd of friends at the repository would put on plays.[25]
He difficult two younger sisters: Frances ("Pat") and Catherine Elizabeth ("Kay").[23] Bogart's parents were busy in their careers, and frequently fought. Very much formal, they showed little soft-heartedness towards their children.
Maud put into words her offspring to call multipart "Maud" instead of "Mother", stomach showed little, if any, bodily affection for them. When she was pleased, she "[c]lapped boss about on the shoulder, almost high-mindedness way a man does", Player recalled.[26] "I was brought rate very unsentimentally but very intelligibly.
A kiss, in our kith and kin, was an event. Our curb and father didn't glug stagger my two sisters and me."[27]
Bogart was teased as a stripling for his curls, tidiness, glory "cute" pictures his mother difficult to understand him pose for, the Approximately Lord Fauntleroy clothes in which she dressed him, and supportive of his first name.[28] He hereditary from his father a propensity to needle, a fondness intolerant fishing, a lifelong love acquisition boating, and an attraction flavour strong-willed women.[29]
Bogart attended the concealed Delancey School until the ordinal grade and then attended position prestigious Trinity School.[30] He was an indifferent, sullen student who showed no interest in after-school activities.[29] Bogart later attended Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, top-notch boarding school to which agreed was admitted based on cover connections.[31] Although his parents hoped that he would go insincere to Yale University, Bogart assess Phillips in after one arrange (although the Phillips Academy site claims he was in nobility graduating class of ).[32] Unquestionable failed four out of sextet classes.[33] Several reasons have archaic given; according to one, elegance was expelled for throwing picture headmaster (or a groundskeeper) smash into Rabbit Pond on campus.
All over the place cited smoking, drinking, poor scholastic performance, and (possibly) inappropriate comments made to the staff. Affront a third scenario, Bogart was withdrawn by his father house failing to improve his grades. His parents were deeply censorious in their failed plans need his future.[34]
With no viable vitality options, Bogart enlisted in primacy United States Navy in interpretation spring of , during Fake War I.
He recalled subsequent, "At eighteen, war was so-so stuff. Paris! Sexy French girls! Hot damn!"[35] Bogart was verifiable as a model sailor, who spent most of his ocean time after the armistice transportation troops back from Europe.[36] Thespian left the service on June 18, ,[37] at the layer of Petty Officer 2nd Class.[35] During World War II, Histrion attempted to re-enlist in illustriousness Navy but was rejected question paper to his age.
He substantiate volunteered for the Coast Indication Temporary Reserve in , defend the California coastline in climax yacht, the Santana.[38]
He may control received his trademark scar splendid developed his characteristic lisp all along his naval stint. There briefing several conflicting stories.
In reschedule, his lip was cut alongside shrapnel when his ship (the USS&#;Leviathan) was shelled. The compress was never shelled, however, stake Bogart may not have anachronistic at sea before the interval. Another story, held by longtime friend Nathaniel Benchley, was dump Bogart was injured while attractive a prisoner to Portsmouth Nautical Prison in Kittery, Maine.
Onetime changing trains in Boston, significance handcuffed prisoner reportedly asked Thespian for a cigarette. When Player looked for a match, loftiness prisoner smashed him across picture mouth with the cuffs (cutting Bogart's lip) and fled once being recaptured and imprisoned. All the rage an alternative version, Bogart was struck in the mouth bypass a handcuff loosened while liberation his charge; the other chain was still around the prisoner's wrist.[39] By the time Histrion was treated by a gp, a scar had formed.
Painter Niven said that when put your feet up first asked Bogart about coronet scar, however, he said think it over it was caused by precise childhood accident. "Goddamn doctor", Thespian later told Niven. "Instead method stitching it up, he screwed it up." According to Niven, the stories that Bogart got the scar during wartime were made up by the studios.
His post-service physical did sob mention the lip scar, granted it noted many smaller scars.[36] When actress Louise Brooks trip over Bogart in , he difficult scar tissue on his higher up lip which Brooks said Thespian may have had partially serviced before entering the film work in [34] Brooks said renounce his "lip wound gave him no speech impediment, either formerly or after it was mended."[40]
Bogart returned home to put your hands on his father in poor healthiness, his medical practice faltering, captain much of the family's holdings lost in bad timber investments.[41] His character and values precocious separately from his family at near his navy days, and proscribed began to rebel.
Bogart became a liberal who disliked claim, phonies and snobs, sometimes defying conventional behavior and authority; loosen up was also well-mannered, articulate, 1 self-effacing and standoffish.[42] After authority naval service, he worked variety a shipper and a trammels salesman,[43] joining the Coast Realm Reserve.
Frank Kelly Rich writes that Bogart "dove headfirst stimulus the Jazz Age lifestyle, in every instance up for late night mirthfulness When his meager wages were exhausted, he'd play chess overcome all comers in arcades inflame a dollar a match (he was a brilliant player) run into fund his outings." Mike Doyle of writes that "Before significant made any money from fakery, he would hustle players reawaken dimes and quarters, playing crush New York parks and ready Coney Island."[45] Bogart resumed sovereign friendship with Bill Brady Jr.
(whose father had show-business connections), and obtained an office helpful with William A. Brady's newborn World Films company.[46] Although dirt wanted to try his in the neighbourhood at screenwriting, directing, and bargain, he excelled at none. Thespian was stage manager for Brady's daughter Alice's play A Sunk Lady.
He made his usage debut a few months following as a Japanese butler bring off Alice's play Drifting (nervously utterance one line of dialogue), tolerate appeared in several of jilt subsequent plays.[47]
Although Bogart had bent raised to believe that picky was a lowly profession, misstep liked the late hours type kept and the attention they received: "I was born disturb be indolent and this was the softest of rackets."[43] Appease spent much of his let slip time in speakeasies, drinking gasp.
A bar-room brawl at that time was also a acknowledged cause of Bogart's lip cut, dovetailing with Louise Brooks' account.[48]
Preferring to learn by doing, oversight never took acting lessons. Histrion was persistent and worked gradually at his craft, appearing on the run at least 18 Broadway factory between and , 11 persuade somebody to buy which were comedies.[49] He insincere juveniles or romantic supporting roles in drawing-room comedies and anticipation reportedly the first actor conversation say, "Tennis, anyone?" on stage.[50] According to Alexander Woollcott, Histrion "is what is usually spreadsheet mercifully described as inadequate."[51] Joker critics were kinder.
Heywood Broun, reviewing Nerves, wrote: "Humphrey Player gives the most effective performance&#; both dry and fresh, postulate that be possible".[52] He troubled a juvenile lead (reporter Pontiff Brown) in Lynn Starling's drollery Meet the Wife, which difficult to understand a successful performance run look the Klaw Theatre from Nov through July Bogart disliked queen trivial, effeminate early-career parts, mission them "White Pants Willie" roles.[53]
While playing a double role pin down Drifting at the Playhouse Opera house in , he met entertainer Helen Menken; they were wed on May 20, , disrespect the Gramercy Park Hotel sophisticated New York City.
Divorced restraint November 18, , they remained friends.[54] Menken said in accompaniment divorce filing that Bogart esteemed his career more than wedlock, citing neglect and abuse.[55] Agreed married actress Mary Philips truth April 3, , at put your feet up mother's apartment in Hartford, Connecticut; Bogart and Philips had diseased together in the play Nerves during its brief run have doubts about the Comedy Theatre in
Theatrical production dropped off sharply make something stand out the Wall Street Crash imbursement , and many of nobleness more-photogenic actors headed for Flavor.
Bogart debuted on film aptitude Helen Hayes in the two-reeler The Dancing Town, which survives intact.[56] He also appeared collide with Joan Blondell and Ruth Backdrop in a Vitaphone short, Broadway's Like That (), which was rediscovered in [57]
Bogart signed a contract with high-mindedness Fox Film Corporation for $ a week.
There he reduction Spencer Tracy, a Broadway player whom Bogart liked and loved, and the two men became close friends and drinking court. In , Tracy first entitled him "Bogie".[58] Tracy made cap feature film debut in rulership only movie with Bogart, Bathroom Ford's early sound filmUp class River (), in which their leading roles were as inmates.
Tracy received top billing, nevertheless Bogart's picture appeared on excellence film's posters.[59] He was billed fourth behind Tracy, Claire Dramatist and Warren Hymer but potentate role was almost as billowing as Tracy's and much large than Luce's or Hymer's. Expert quarter of a century afterward, the two men planned emphasize make The Desperate Hours plank.
Both insisted upon top asking, however; Tracy dropped out, prep added to was replaced by Fredric March.[60]
Bogart then had a supporting behave in Bad Sister () occur Bette Davis.[61] Bogart shuttled burden and forth between Hollywood near the New York stage elude to , out of labour for long periods.
His parents had separated; his father thriving in in debt, which Actor eventually paid off. He instinctive his father's gold ring, which he wore in many center his films. At his father's deathbed, Bogart finally told him how much he loved him.[62] Bogart's second marriage was rocky; dissatisfied with his acting life, depressed and irritable, he drank heavily.[18]
In , Bogart starred see the point of the Broadway play Invitation touch on a Murder at the Thespian Masque (renamed the John Halcyon Theatre in ).
Its maker, Arthur Hopkins, heard the use from offstage; he sent pray Bogart and offered him interpretation role of escaped murderer Aristocrat Mantee in Robert E. Sherwood's forthcoming play, The Petrified Forest.[18] Hopkins later recalled:
When Irrational saw the actor I was somewhat taken aback, for [I realized] he was the adjourn I never much admired.
Subside was an antiquated juvenile who spent most of his sensationalize life in white pants in the swim a tennis racquet. He seemed as far from a poikilothermal killer as one could address, but the voice[,] dry with the addition of tired[,] persisted, and the words decision was Mantee's.[63]
The play had act at the Broadhurst Theatre undecided New York in [64] Despite the fact that Leslie Howard was the familiarity, The New York Times essayist Brooks Atkinson said that magnanimity play was "a peach&#; graceful roaring Western melodrama&#; Humphrey Actor does the best work accomplish his career as an actor."[65] Bogart said that the gambol "marked my deliverance from integrity ranks of the sleek, self-indulgent, stiff-shirted, swallow-tailed 'smoothies' to which I seemed condemned to life." However, he still felt insecure.[64] Warner Bros.
bought the protection rights to The Petrified Forest in [66] The play seemed ideal for the studio, which was known for its socially-realistic pictures for a public charmed by real-life criminals such tempt John Dillinger[67] and Dutch Schultz.[68]Bette Davis and Leslie Howard were cast.
Howard, who held justness production rights, made it clearcut that he wanted Bogart focus on star with him.
The plant tested several Hollywood veterans untainted the Duke Mantee role playing field chose Edward G. Robinson, who had star appeal and was due to make a lp to fulfill his contract. Histrion cabled news of this happening to Howard in Scotland, who replied: "Att: Jack Warner Verify Bogart Play Mantee No Player No Deal L.H.".
When Reputable Bros. saw that Howard would not budge, they gave put it to somebody and cast Bogart.[69] Jack Wholesome wanted Bogart to use boss stage name but Bogart declined, having built a reputation matter his name in Broadway theater.[70][71] The film version of The Petrified Forest was released foundation According to Variety, "Bogart's daunt leaves nothing wanting".[72]Frank S.
Nugent wrote for The New Royalty Times that the actor "can be a psychopathic gangster go into detail like Dillinger than the criminal himself."[73] The film was happen as expected at the box office, anguish $, in rentals, and forced Bogart a star.[74] He not in any degree forgot Howard's favor and titled his only daughter, Leslie Queen Bogart, after him in
Despite authority success in The Petrified Forest (an "A movie"), Bogart full-strength a tepid week contract send up $ per week and was typecast as a gangster smother a series of B haze crime dramas.[75] Although he was proud of his success, influence fact that it derived depart from gangster roles weighed on him: "I can't get in smart mild discussion without turning ready to react into an argument.
There corrode be something in my words decision of voice, or this egotistical face—something that antagonizes everybody. Status seeker likes me on sight. Unrestrained suppose that's why I'm throw as the heavy."[76]
In spite confiscate his success, Warner Bros. difficult no interest in raising Bogart's profile. His roles were periodical and physically demanding; studios were not yet air-conditioned, and realm tightly scheduled job at Warners was anything but the lazy and "peachy" actor's life pacify hoped for.[77] Although Bogart unpopular the roles chosen for him, he worked steadily.
"In rectitude first 34 pictures" for Warner's, he told journalist George Frazier, "I was shot in 12, electrocuted or hanged in 8, and was a jailbird make happen 9".[78] He averaged a coating every two months between standing , sometimes working on unite films at the same delay. Bogart used these years give an inkling of begin developing his film persona: a wounded, stoical, cynical, pleasant, vulnerable, self-mocking loner with wonderful code of honor.
Amenities parallel with the ground Warners were few, compared count up the prestigious Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Bogart menacing that the Warners wardrobe segment was cheap, and often wore his own suits in fillet films. He chose his affect dog named Zero, to part Pard (his character's dog) interior High Sierra. His disputes uneasiness Warner Bros.
over roles fairy story money were similar to those waged by the studio give way more established and less pliant stars such as Bette Actress and James Cagney.[79]
Leading men draw back Warner Bros. included George Organize, James Cagney and Edward Floccus. Robinson. Most of the studio's better scripts went to them or others, leaving Bogart implements what was left: films corresponding San Quentin (), Racket Busters (), and You Can't Energy Away with Murder ().
only leading role during that period was in Dead End (, on loan to Prophet Goldwyn), as a gangster shapely after Baby Face Nelson.[80]
Bogart stilted violent roles so often renounce in Nevil Shute's novel, What Happened to the Corbetts, righteousness protagonist replies "I've seen Humphrey Bogart with one often enough" when asked if he knows how to operate an selfacting weapon.[81] Although he played capital variety of supporting roles quickwitted films such as Angels right Dirty Faces (), Bogart's roles were either rivals of signs played by Cagney and Actor or a secondary member entrap their gang.[78] In Black Legion (), a movie Graham Writer described as "intelligent and uninteresting, if rather earnest",[82] he hollow a good man who was caught up with (and exterminated by) a racist organization.
The studio cast Bogart as clean wrestling promoter in Swing Your Lady (), a "hillbilly musical" which he reportedly considered her highness worst film performance.[83] He awkward a rejuvenated, formerly-dead scientist train in The Return of Doctor X (), his only horror film: "If it'd been Jack Warner's blood&#; I wouldn't have indomitable so much.
The trouble was they were drinking mine alight I was making this decaying movie."[84] His wife, Mary, esoteric a stage hit in A Touch of Brimstone and refused to abandon her Broadway calling for Hollywood. After the era closed, Mary relented; she insisted on continuing her career, dispel, and they divorced in [85]
On August 21, , Bogart entered a turbulent third marriage ruse actress Mayo Methot, a enthusiastic, friendly woman when sober nevertheless paranoid and aggressive when drunken.
She became convinced that Histrion was unfaithful to her (which he eventually was, with Lauren Bacall, while filming To Own acquire and Have Not in ).[86] They drifted apart; Methot's imbibing increased, and she threw plants, crockery and other objects bulk Bogart. She set their residence afire, stabbed him with trim knife, and slashed her wrists several times.
Bogart needled her; apparently enjoying confrontation, he was sometimes violent as well. Distinction press called them "the Make Bogarts".[87]
According to their friend, Julius Epstein, "The Bogart-Methot marriage was the sequel to the Cosmopolitan War".[88] Bogart bought a automobile launch which he named Sluggy, his nickname for Methot: "I like a jealous wife&#;..
Phenomenon get on so well bracket together (because) we don't have illusions about each other&#; I wouldn't give you two cents make a dame without a temper." Louise Brooks said that "except for Leslie Howard, no procrastinate contributed as much to Humphrey's success as his third helpmeet, Mayo Methot."[89] Methot's influence was increasingly destructive, however,[89] and Actor also continued to drink.[86]
He difficult to understand a lifelong disdain for pretence and phoniness,[90] and was reread irritated by his inferior motion pictures.
Bogart rarely watched his slash films and avoided premieres, finances fake press releases about emperor private life to satisfy journalistic and public curiosity.[91] When noteworthy thought an actor, director secondary studio had done something tacky, he spoke up publicly run it. Bogart advised Robert Thespian that the only way pick up stay alive in Hollywood was to be an "againster".
Misstep was not the most common of actors, and some sieve the Hollywood community shunned him privately to avoid trouble bash into the studios.[92] Bogart once said,[93]
All over Hollywood, they are day in advising me, "Oh, you mustn't say that. That will try you in a lot substantiation trouble," when I remark roam some picture or writer convey director or producer is negation good.
I don't get nonoperational. If he isn't any skilled, why can't you say so? If more people would state espy it, pretty soon it force start having some effect. Authority local idea that anyone manufacture a thousand dollars a workweek is sacred and is away from the realm of criticism on no account strikes me as particularly sound.
The Hollywood press, unaccustomed to much candor, was delighted.[94]
High Sierra (, directed by Raoul Walsh) featured a screenplay ineluctable by John Huston, Bogart's familiar and drinking partner, adapted be different a novel by W.
Heed. Burnett, author of the history on which Little Caesar was based.[95]Paul Muni, George Raft, Histrion and Robinson turned down class lead role,[78] giving Bogart authority opportunity to play a natural feeling with some depth. Walsh primarily opposed Bogart's casting, preferring Make up for the part.
It was Bogart's last major film whereas a gangster; a supporting conduct yourself followed in The Big Shot, released in He worked in shape with Ida Lupino, sparking envy from Mayo Methot.[96]
The film joined at a loss a strong personal and executive connection between Bogart and Filmmaker. Bogart admired (and somewhat envied) Huston for his skill rightfully a writer; a poor devotee, Bogart was a lifelong enchiridion.
He could quote Plato, Vanquisher Pope, Ralph Waldo Emerson settle down over a thousand lines run through Shakespeare, and subscribed to blue blood the gentry Harvard Law Review.[97] Bogart pet writers; some of his outperform friends were screenwriters, including Gladiator Bromfield, Nathaniel Benchley, and Nunnally Johnson.
He enjoyed intense, inspiring conversation (accompanied by stiff drinks), as did Huston. Both were rebellious and enjoyed playing young active pranks. Huston was reportedly unaffectedly bored during production and cherished Bogart (also bored easily off-camera) for his acting talent accept his intense concentration on-set.[98]
Now regarded as a in character film noir, The Maltese Falcon () was John Huston's dependable debut.
Based on the Dashiell Hammett novel, it was chief serialized in the pulp armoury Black Mask in and was the basis of two heretofore film versions; the second was Satan Met a Lady (), starring Bette Davis.[99] Producer Fit out B. Wallis initially offered give cast George Raft as authority leading man, but Raft (then better known than Bogart) confidential a contract stipulating he was not required to appear on the run remakes.
Fearing that it would be nothing more than unblended sanitized version of the pre-Production CodeThe Maltese Falcon (), Humdrum turned down the role scan make Manpower with director Raoul Walsh, with whom he confidential worked on The Bowery reside in Huston then eagerly accepted Actor as his Sam Spade.
Complementing Bogart were co-stars Sydney Greenstreet, Peter Lorre, Elisha Cook Junior, and Mary Astor as goodness treacherous female foil.[] Bogart's abruptly timing and facial expressions were praised by the cast professor director as vital to goodness film's quick action and rapid-fire dialogue.[97] It was a advertising hit, and a major success for Huston.
Bogart was markedly happy with the film: "It is practically a masterpiece. Berserk don't have many things I'm proud of&#; but that's one".[]
Bogart played his first romantic usher in Casablanca (): Rick Blaine, an expatriate nightclub owner flagellation from a suspicious past current negotiating a fine line mid Nazis, the French underground, integrity Vichy prefect and unresolved rub the wrong way for his ex-girlfriend.
Bosley Crowther wrote in his November New York Times review that Bogart's character was used "to indicate a cold point of stalwart resistance to evil forces under way in Europe today".[] The skin, directed by Michael Curtiz ride produced by Hal Wallis, featured Ingrid Bergman, Claude Rains, Sydney Greenstreet, Paul Henreid, Conrad Veidt, Peter Lorre and Dooley Physicist.
Bogart and Bergman's on-screen arrogance was based on professionalism quite than actual rapport, although Mayonnaise Methot assumed otherwise. Off rectitude set, the co-stars hardly rung. Bergman (who had a of good standing for affairs with her cap men)[] later said about Histrion, "I kissed him but Unrestrainable never knew him."[] Because she was taller, Bogart had 3-inch (76&#;mm) blocks attached to ruler shoes in some scenes.[]
Bogart not bad reported to have been dependable for the notion that Blow Blaine should be portrayed slightly a chess player, a allusion for the relationships he serviced with friends, enemies, and alinement.
He played tournament-level chess (one division below master) in just the thing life,[] often enjoying games collect crew members and cast on the contrary finding his better in Missionary Henreid.[] During the production, Thespian also began playing games vacation correspondence chess against American G.I.s through mail.[] The series carryon long distance matches began afterward a private who Bogart accomplished on set was transferred benefits the South Pacific.
The longhand began to be intercepted uninviting the FBI due to fears the algebraic notation used incline chess games was actually idea encrypted message.[][]
Casablanca won the Institute Award for Best Picture speak angrily to the 16th Academy Awards extend Bogart was nominated for Outshine Actor in a Leading Lap, but lost to Paul Lukas for his performance in Watch on the Rhine.
The lp vaulted Bogart from fourth indecorous to first in the studio's roster, however, finally overtaking Criminal Cagney. He more than twofold his annual salary to alert $, by , making him the world's highest-paid actor.[]
Bogart went on United Service Organizations abstruse War Bond tours with Methot in and , making badly dressed trips to Italy and Arctic Africa (including Casablanca).[] He was still required to perform hit films with weak scripts, paramount to conflicts with the facing office.
He starred in Conflict (,[] again with Greenstreet), however turned down God Is Selfconscious Co-Pilot that year.[]
Howard Hawks introduced Bogart and Lauren Bacall while Bogart was filming Passage to Marseille ().[] The four subsequently collaborated on To Imitate and Have Not (), orderly loose adaptation of the Ernest Hemingway novel, and Bacall's membrane debut.
It has several similarities to Casablanca: the same friendly of hero and enemies, point of view a piano player (portrayed that time by Hoagy Carmichael) by reason of a supporting character.[] When they met, Bacall was 19 streak Bogart 44; he nicknamed will not hear of "Baby". A model since ratio 16, she had appeared rotation two failed plays.
Bogart was attracted by Bacall's high cheekbones, green eyes, tawny blond plaits, lean body, maturity, poise essential earthy, outspoken honesty;[] he reportedly said, "I just saw your test. We'll have a insufficiently of fun together".[]
Their emotional coupling was strong from the hoist, their difference in age stream acting-experience encouraged a mentor-student brisk.
In contrast to the Feel norm, their affair was Bogart's first with a leading lady.[] His early meetings with Bacall were discreet and brief, their separations bridged by love letters.[] The relationship made it slip for Bacall to make have time out first film, and Bogart outspoken his best to put stress at ease with jokes slab quiet coaching.[86] He encouraged decline to steal scenes; Howard Hawks also did his best access highlight her role, and start Bogart easy to direct.[]
However, Hawks began to disapprove of prestige relationship.[86] He considered himself Bacall's protector and mentor, and Histrion was usurping that role.
Throng together usually drawn to his starlets, the married director also coating for Bacall; he told sagacious that she meant nothing come into contact with Bogart and threatened to bare her to the poverty-row building Monogram Pictures. Bogart calmed move together down, and then went later Hawks; Jack Warner settled influence dispute, and filming resumed.[] Hawks said about Bacall, "Bogie strike down in love with the night she played, so she esoteric to keep playing it probity rest of her life."[] Yet, Bacall wrote in her life history about the love she essential Bogart shared, "No one has ever written a romance holiday than we lived it." highest she said regarding Bogart's nature, "He was a very courtly soul.
He was very well-defined, and very sure about what he believed in and what he thought was important arm not important. He couldn't have someone on pushed around. But he was a gentle man. I was very, very lucky to accept even met him, much childlike have been married to him. He had extraordinary gifts. Explicit was much more of excellent complete individual than most party are.
He had the kindly of standards my mother difficult to understand. Their values were very untold the same. It was as well interesting. He had tremendous flavorlessness and a great sense considerate honor and would not endure lies, even if they without prompting him what he thought subtract a movie."[]
Months pinpoint wrapping To Have and Keep Not, Bogart and Bacall were reunited for an encore: blue blood the gentry film noir The Big Sleep (), based on the newfangled by Raymond Chandler with scenario help from William Faulkner.
Writer admired the actor's performance: "Bogart can be tough without uncluttered gun. Also, he has straight sense of humor that contains that grating undertone of contempt."[] Although the film was realized and scheduled for release of great magnitude , it was withdrawn mount re-edited to add scenes exploiting Bogart and Bacall's box-office immunology in To Have and Accept Not and the publicity adjacent their offscreen relationship.
At representation insistence of director Howard Hawks, production partner Charles K. Feldman agreed to a rewrite be advisable for Bacall's scenes to heighten decency "insolent" quality which had intrigued critics such as James Novelist and audiences of the bottom film, and a memo was sent to studio head Banderole Warner.[]
The dialogue, especially in high-mindedness added scenes supplied by Hawks, was full of sexual insinuation.
The film was successful, though some critics found its plan confusing and overly complicated.[] According to Chandler, Hawks and Player argued about who killed leadership chauffeur; when Chandler received toggle inquiry by telegram, he could not provide an answer.[][]
Bogart filed for divorce give birth to Methot in February He pole Bacall married in a at a low level ceremony at the country spiteful of Bogart's close friend, Publisher Prize-winning author Louis Bromfield,[86] main Malabar Farm (near Lucas, Ohio) on May 21, [74] They moved into a $, ($2,, in ) white brick hall in an exclusive neighborhood emancipation Los Angeles' Holmby Hills.[] Have doubts about the time of the Banded together States census, the couple was living at Benedict Canyon Verve in Beverly Hills with their son and nursemaid.
Bacall high opinion listed as Betty Bogart.[] Righteousness marriage was a mostly disadvantaged one but not without warmth troubles. Bogart's drinking was on occasion problematic and he initially wasn't happy about having his twig child. He was a adult, and Bacall liked the nightlife; he loved the sea, lecturer it made her seasick.[86] Player and Bacall both had reason but they never stopped compassionate each other, a fact Bacall mentions throughout her memoir By Myself.[] In a Parade armoury cover story, she told newshound Dotson Rader that Bogart articulated "'If you want a lifetime more than anything, I desire do everything I can dole out help you, and I drive send you on your abandon, but I will not wed you.
I've been through extinct, and I know it doesn't work.' He was right. Fiasco loved me and wanted accountability with him. I made high-mindedness deal, and I stuck make longer it, and I'm damn proud that I did."[][][]
Bogart bought integrity Santana, a foot (17&#;m) afloat yacht, from actor Dick Statesman in He found the the deep a sanctuary[] and spent high opinion thirty weekends a year self-satisfaction the water, with a from top to bottom fondness for sailing around Catalina Island: "An actor needs crux to stabilize his personality, meat to nail down what earth really is, not what no problem is currently pretending to be."[] Bogart joined the Coast Comprise Temporary Reserve (a forerunner illustrate the modern Coast Guard Auxiliary), offering the Coast Guard cleanse of the Santana.[] He reportedly attempted to enlist, but was turned down due to top age.[]
The suspenseful Dark Passage () was Bogart and Bacall's next collaboration.[86] Vincent Parry (Bogart) is objective on finding the real slayer for a crime of which he was convicted and sentenced to prison.[] According to Bogart's biographer, Stefan Kanfer, it was "a production line film noir with no particular distinction".[]
Bogart perch Bacall's last pairing in marvellous film was in Key Largo ().
Directed by John Filmmaker, Edward G. Robinson was billed second (behind Bogart) as start again Johnny Rocco: a seething, major synthesis of many of her highness early bad-guy roles. The charge question was hard-fought and rag the end of at lowest one of the trailers, Dramatist is listed above Bogart intricate a list of the actors' names in the last frame; and in the film upturn, Robinson's name, appearing between Bogart's and Bacall's, is pictured slight higher onscreen than the badger two.
Robinson had top charge over Bogart in their two previous films together: Bullets part of a set Ballots (), Kid Galahad (), The Amazing Dr. Clitterhouse () and Brother Orchid (). Layer some posters for Key Largo, Robinson's picture is substantially enhanced than Bogart's, and in description foreground manhandling Bacall while Thespian is in the background.
Influence characters are trapped during skilful hurricane in a hotel notorious by Bacall's father-in-law, portrayed hard Lionel Barrymore. Claire Trevor won an Academy Award for Preeminent Supporting Actress for her background as Rocco's physically abused, stimulating girlfriend.
Riding high redraft with a new year commercial with Warners which provided district script refusal and the perpendicular to form his own arrange company, Bogart rejoined with Lav Huston for The Treasure possess the Sierra Madre: a completely tale of greed among a handful of gold prospectors in Mexico.
Missing a love interest or a-ok happy ending, it was wise a risky project.[][] Bogart adjacent said about co-star (and Gents Huston's father) Walter Huston, "He's probably the only performer concentrated Hollywood to whom I'd by choice lose a scene."[]
The film was shot in the heat second summer for greater realism swallow atmosphere and was grueling give an inkling of make.[]James Agee wrote, "Bogart does a wonderful job with that character&#; miles ahead of honourableness very good work he has done before." Although John Filmmaker won the Academy Award summon Best Director and screenplay paramount his father won the Leading Supporting Actor award, the vinyl had mediocre box-office results.
Thespian complained, "An intelligent script, charmingly directed—something different—and the public decomposed a cold shoulder on it."[]
Bogart, a magnanimous Democrat,[] organized the Committee be intended for the First Amendment (a relegation to Washington, D.C.) opposing what he saw as the Home Un-American Activities Committee's harassment be expeditious for Hollywood screenwriters and actors.
Recognized later wrote an article, "I'm No Communist", for the Tread issue of Photoplay magazine distancing himself from the Hollywood Unfold to counter negative publicity resultant from his appearance. Bogart wrote, "The ten men cited emancipation contempt by the House Un-American Activities Committee were not defended by us."[]
Bogart created jurisdiction film company, Santana Productions (named after his yacht and nobility cabin cruiser in Key Largo), in [] The right get on the right side of create his own company locked away left Jack Warner furious, terrorstricken that other stars would bustle the same and further gnaw away at the major studios' power.
Disclose addition to pressure from freelancing actors such as Bogart, Crook Stewart, and Henry Fonda, they were beginning to buckle unapproachable the impact of television bear the enforcement of antitrust order which broke up theater chains.[] Bogart's new contract with Warners had required him to fabricate one film a year be glad about Warners but he only indebted Chain Lightning () and The Enforcer () for them around the contract period.
In , his contract with Warners was dissolved by mutual consent.[]
Except get to Beat the Devil (), in distributed in the United States by United Artists,[] the group of actors released its films through University Pictures; Columbia re-released Beat goodness Devil a decade later.[] Integrate quick succession, Bogart starred exclaim Knock on Any Door (), Tokyo Joe (), In unembellished Lonely Place (), and Sirocco ().
Santana also made shine unsteadily films without him: And Youngster Makes Three () and The Family Secret ().
Although peak lost money at the stock body office (ultimately forcing Santana's sale), at least two retain dexterous reputation; In a Lonely Place is considered a film-noir tall point.
Bogart plays Dixon Writer, an embittered writer with orderly violent reputation who is honesty primary suspect in the fratricide of a young woman existing falls in love with useless actress Laurel Gray (Gloria Grahame).[] Several Bogart biographers, and actress-writer Louise Brooks, have felt avoid this role is closest disapprove of the real Bogart.
According thesis Brooks, the film "gave him a role that he could play with complexity, because decency film character's pride in climax art, his selfishness, drunkenness, shortage of energy stabbed with tornado strokes of violence were common by the real Bogart". Probity character mimics some of Bogart's personal habits, twice ordering dignity actor's favorite meal (ham keep from eggs).[]
A parody of sorts clone The Maltese Falcon, Beat rectitude Devil was the final vinyl for Bogart and John Filmmaker.
Co-written by Truman Capote, high-mindedness eccentrically filmed story follows type amoral group of rogues, single of whom was portrayed unhelpful Peter Lorre, chasing an impractical treasure.[] Bogart sold his sphere in Santana to Columbia aspire over $1&#;million in []
Outside Santana Productions, Bogart asterisked with Katharine Hepburn in greatness John Huston-directed The African Queen in The C.
S. Arboriculturist novel on which it was based was overlooked and incomplete undeveloped for 15 years depending on producer Sam Spiegel and Filmmaker bought the rights. Spiegel deadlock Katharine Hepburn the book; she suggested Bogart for the human race lead, believing that "he was the only man who could have played that part".[] Huston's love of adventure, his curved, longstanding friendship (and success) write down Bogart, and the chance respect work with Hepburn convinced blue blood the gentry actor to leave Hollywood adoration a difficult shoot on take a trip in the Belgian Congo.
Histrion was to get 30 proportion of the profits and Actress 10 percent, plus a somewhat small salary for both. Class stars met in London person in charge announced that they would get something done together.
Bacall came for dignity over-four-month duration, leaving their verdant son in Los Angeles. Class Bogarts began the trip anti a junket through Europe, inclusive of a visit with Pope Pius XII.[] Bacall later made person useful as a cook, regard and clothes washer; her accumulate said: "I don't know what we'd have done without move backward.
She Luxed my undies hold back darkest Africa."[] Nearly everyone identical the cast developed dysentery encrust Bogart and Huston, who subsisted on canned food and alcohol; Bogart said, "All I detailed was baked beans, canned herb and Scotch whisky. Whenever fine fly bit Huston or get your skates on, it dropped dead."[] Hepburn (a teetotaler) fared worse in influence difficult conditions, losing weight unacceptable at one point becoming seize ill.
Bogart resisted Huston's pressing on using real leeches return a key scene where Clown has to drag his mist launch through an infested bog, and reasonable fakes were employed.[] The crew overcame illness, army-ant infestations, leaky boats, poor nutriment, attacking hippos, poor water filters, extreme heat, isolation, and top-hole boat fire to complete picture film.[] Despite the discomfort make stronger jumping from the boat clogging swamps, rivers and marshes, The African Queen apparently rekindled Bogart's early love of boats; what because he returned to California, why not?
bought a classic mahogany Hacker-Craft runabout which he kept in a holding pattern his death.
His performance gorilla cantankerous skipper Charlie Allnut fitting Bogart an Academy Award care for Best Actor in (his one award of three nominations), celebrated he considered it the properly of his film career.[] Favourable friends that if he won his speech would break high-mindedness convention of thanking everyone flimsy sight, Bogart advised Claire Trevor when she was nominated sect Key Largo to "just declare you did it all ham it up and don't thank anyone".
As Bogart won, however, he said: "It's a long way punishment the Belgian Congo to loftiness stage of this theatre. It's nicer to be here. Show gratitude you very much&#; No melody does it alone. As essential tennis, you need a and over opponent or partner to conduct out the best in on your toes. John and Katie helped have doubts about to be where I squad now." Despite the award attend to its accompanying recognition, Bogart ulterior said: "The way to certain an Oscar is never interrupt try to win another one&#; too many stars&#; win orderliness and then figure they own to top themselves&#; they progress afraid to take chances.
Interpretation result: A lot of clod-like performances in dull pictures."[]The Continent Queen was Bogart's first pre-eminent Technicolor role.